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ASD is an opening between the upper chambers of the heart. Larger or clinically significant defects may require closure.
VSD is an opening between the lower chambers of the heart. Treatment depends on the size of the defect and its effect on circulation and heart function.
Tetralogy of Fallot is a complex congenital heart condition that usually requires surgical repair to improve blood flow to the lungs.
Coarctation is a narrowing of the aorta that can restrict blood flow to the body. Severe cases, especially in infants, may require surgical repair. Other defects may also require surgery depending on anatomy, severity and circulation.
No. Some defects only need monitoring, while others may require catheter treatment or surgery depending on the type and severity of the condition.
Evaluation may include echocardiography, ECG, chest imaging, cardiac MRI or catheterization depending on the defect and the information needed for treatment planning.
Yes. Larger or clinically significant septal defects may require closure when they affect blood flow, heart function or create other concerns. Smaller defects may only need monitoring.
Yes. Tetralogy of Fallot is generally treated with surgical repair, although some babies may require a temporary procedure before complete repair.
Some defects can be treated using catheter-based procedures. The best approach depends on the specific heart defect and anatomy.
The timing varies. Some serious defects require treatment soon after birth, while others can be repaired later depending on symptoms, anatomy and severity.
Yes. Some complex congenital heart defects require staged procedures or more than one operation over time.
Yes. Ongoing cardiology follow-up is important because some patients need monitoring for heart function, rhythm problems or other long-term changes after treatment.